Virus database

Welcome to Virus database

The Human Virus Barcode Database (HVBD) contains six novel coronavirus variants, named Lambda, Alpha, Delta, Beta, Gamma and Omicron in chronological order of discovery.It also contains statistics on other coronaviruses known to infect humans.

Combined barcodes of SARS-CoV-2

SARS-CoV-2, short for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, is a coronavirus that causes COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019). Belonging to the beta coronavirus genus, SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). It is an enveloped positive-sense RNA virus with a genome of approximately 30,000 nucleotides. SARS-CoV-2 primarily spreads through respiratory droplets. Common symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection include fever, cough, difficulty breathing, fatigue, and loss of taste or smell.

Understand It Now

Six major variants of SARS-CoV-2

Alpha variant (B.1.1.7): Highly transmissible strain first identified in the UK with multiple mutations affecting infectivity.

Beta variant (B.1.351): South African variant with spike protein mutations, potentially impacting vaccine efficacy.

Gamma variant (P.1): Brazilian variant with mutations associated with increased transmissibility and immune evasion.

Delta variant (B.1.617.2): Highly transmissible variant first detected in India, potentially causing more severe illness.

Lambda variant (C.37): Peruvian variant with mutations in the spike protein, potential antibody escape capabilities.

Omicron variant (B.1.1.529): Highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variant first detected in South Africa, with numerous mutations.

Genome and Gene Annotation

Gene	Name	Gene function
ORF1ab	NSP1	Inhibits host protein translation by the interaction with 40Sribosomal subunit and host mRNA
	NSP2	Disturbs cell cycle by binding to prohibitin 1 and prohibitin 2 proteins
	NSP3	Interacts with host RNA G-quadruplex to inhibit host translation, suppresses host innate immune responses by deubiquitination, delSGylation, and ADPr binding
ORF1ab	NSP4	Assembling the wiral double-membrane vesicles
	NSP5	Protease
	NSP6	Induction of autophagosomes
	NSP7	Primer synthesis and RNA replication
	NSP8	Primer synthesis and RNA replication
ORF1ab	NSP9	Interacts with DEAD-bOX RNA helicase 5 (DDX5) cellular protein to facilitate virus replication
	NSP10	mRNA cap methylation
	NSP12	RNA replication, mRNA capping
	NSP13	Helicase activity during RNA replication, 5'-triphosphatase activity for mRNA capping
ORF1ab	NSP14	Proof reading during RNA synthesis N7-methyltransferase during mRNA capping
	NSP15	Endoribonuclease cleaves RNA at polyuridylate sites
	NSP16	2'-O-ribose methyltransferase during mRNA capping
S	S	Glycoproteins that mediate viral attachment to host cells
ORF3a	ORF3a	Induction of apoptosis
E	E	Small integrated membrane proteins involved in the viral replication cycle, viral assembly, virion release, and viral pathogenesis
M	M	Facilitate the completion of virus assembly
ORF6	ORF6	Blocking the response of infected cells to the invading virus
ORF6	ORF7a	Inhibit type I IFN response
ORF8	ORF8	Blocking antigen delivery and mediating immune escape
N	N	nucleocapsid phosphoprotein

Status of COVID-19

Countries must “double-down” on their efforts to stop the spread of COVID-19 coronavirus, the UN health agency said on March 11, 2020, after announcing that the global emergency can now be described as a pandemic. UN Secretary-General António Guterres described the announcement as “a call to action–for everyone, everywhere.”
On May 5, 2023, the head of the UN World Health Organization (WHO) has declared “with great hope” an end to COVID-19 as a public health emergency, stressing that it does not mean the disease is no longer a global threat.
Globally, as of 3:20pm CEST, 14 June 2023, there have been 767,984,989 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 6,943,390 deaths, reported to WHO. As of 12 June 2023, a total of 13,397,334,282 vaccine doses have been administered.